Ukugcinwa kwamandla kuma-capacitor: ukuhlaziywa kwesithwali kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi
Njengesici esiyinhloko sokugcina amandla kumasekhethi kagesi, ama-capacitor agcina amandla ngendlela yamandla kagesi. Lapho amapuleti amabili e-capacitor exhunywe emthonjeni wamandla, amacala amahle kanye namabi abuthana kumapuleti amabili ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla kagesi, okwenza umehluko ongase ube khona futhi asungule insimu kagesi ezinzile ku-dielectric phakathi kwamapuleti. Le nqubo ilandela umthetho wokongiwa kwamandla. Ukuqoqwa kwezindleko kudinga umsebenzi wokunqoba amandla kagesi, futhi ekugcineni igcina amandla ngendlela yensimu kagesi. Umthamo wokugcina amandla we-capacitor ungalinganiswa ngefomula E=21CV2, lapho u-C eyi-capacitance kanye no-V i-voltage phakathi kwamapuleti.
Izici eziguqukayo zamandla enkundla kagesi
Ngokungafani namabhethri endabuko athembele emandleni amakhemikhali, ukugcinwa kwamandla kwama-capacitor kusekelwe ngokuphelele esenzweni samasimu kagesi angokwenyama. Ngokwesibonelo, electrolyticama-capacitorsgcina amandla ngomphumela we-polarization wefilimu ye-oxide phakathi kwamapuleti kanye ne-electrolyte, efanelekile ezimweni ezidinga ukushaja okusheshayo nokukhipha, njengokuhlunga amandla. Ama-Supercapacitor (njengama-double-layer capacitor) akha isakhiwo esinezendlalelo ezimbili ngokusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo phakathi kwe-carbon electrode ecushiwe kanye ne-electrolyte, athuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ukuminyana kokugcinwa kwamandla. Izimiso zayo zihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili:
Isitoreji samandla esendlalelo ezimbili: Izindleko zikhangiswa endaweni ye-electrode ngogesi omile, ngaphandle kokusabela kwamakhemikhali, futhi zinesivinini sokushaja esishesha kakhulu nokukhipha.
I-Faraday pseudocapacitor: Isebenzisa ukusabela kwe-redox okusheshayo kwezinto ezifana ne-ruthenium oxide ukuze igcine izinkokhelo, ngakho kokubili ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu.
Ukuhlukahluka kokukhishwa kwamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa
Lapho i-capacitor ikhipha amandla, inkambu kagesi ingashintshwa ngokushesha ibe amandla kagesi ukuze isekele izidingo zokuphendula ama-high-frequency. Isibonelo, kuma-solar inverters, ama-capacitor anciphisa ukuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla ngokuhlunga kanye nemisebenzi yokuhlukanisa; ezinhlelweni zamandla,ama-capacitorsthuthukisa ukuqina kwegridi ngokunxephezela amandla asebenzayo. Ama-Supercapacitor asetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa amandla ngokushesha kanye nokushintshwa kwefrikhwensi yegridi yezimoto zikagesi ngenxa yamandla azo okuphendula ama-millisecond.
Ikusasa Outlook
Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi yezinto (ezifana nama-electrode e-graphene), ukuminyana kwamandla ama-capacitor kuyaqhubeka nokukhula, futhi izimo zokusetshenziswa kwazo ziyakhula kusukela kumishini kagesi evamile kuya ezinkambini ezisezingeni eliphezulu njengokugcina amandla amasha namagridi ahlakaniphile. Ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwamandla kagesi akugcini nje ngokukhuthaza inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi kube yingxenye ebalulekile yokuguqulwa kwamandla.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-13-2025